~Dogs experiencing epidermal necrosis associated with d-limoene are usually in pain and systemically ill. Anemia and liver and kidney damage may also occur. Supportive care is usually essential until the condition resolves. Severe forms of this condition are similar in severity to what is seen in third degree burn victims, with extensive skin damage resulting in skin sloughing, depression, shock, coma and often death.
In Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy XIII 1999. pp.556
Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology 1995. pp.590
~Natural insecticidal dips or sprays containing citrus extract d-limonene, 50% of the 24 animal cases developed clinical signs of adverse health reactions whether or not product was used appropriately or inappropriately. 92% of animals experienced one or more of an adverse health condition. Study from Jrnl. of Veterinary Emergency Critical Care Society 2012 pp1-6.
~Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis associated with flea dips containing d-limonene --Vet Hum Toxicol 1992 Feb
TEN --a life-threatening skin condition that the top layer of skin (the epidermis) detaches from the lower layers of the skin (the dermis) all over the body. Sepsis is secondary problem often fatal disease.
~Erythema Multiforme major and disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in a dog 24 hrs. following application of a d-limonene insecticidal dip. Despite intensive supportive care, the dog developed severe necrosis and widespread hemorrhage within organs and died -- J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1995 Nov.
~EPA Records over a 10 year span:Showed 544 cases of domestic animals were called in to the EPA regarding d-limonene products and domestic pets were either killed, severely harmed, moderately harmed or minor. This number probably only represents 2% because most pet owners do not call in and report.
~Erythema Multiforme (inflammatory condition of the skin and or mucous membranes that can cause significant morbidity. This Infection condition review of 44 cases in dogs were after application of d-limonene based shampoo.
~Acute necrotizing dermatitis and septicemia after application of a d-limonene based insecticidal shampoo in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002 July
~D-limonene, citrus oil, citronella is very toxic to pets especially cats. NRDC 2008